– Basic classification of isomers Stereoisomers At the same time, the chemical properties of isomer compounds are also different. These are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. Isomers are two or more different chemical compounds that have different bonding structures between their atoms but can be represented by the same molecular formula.
Isomerism is a discipline that studies the arrangement of molecules in space. He studies how atoms are arranged in their relative positions in space.
The branch of science that examines the bonding structures of atoms in the molecule and their arrangement in space in three dimensions is called stereochemistry. Thus, studies on this subject have gained momentum in recent years. For all these reasons, the need for the development of new asymmetric synthesis methods has increased. Therefore, the definition of chiral structures in the pharmaceutical industry is very important. While one of the enantiomers in the racemic mixture of drugs with chiral compounds is physiologically beneficial, the other enantiomer can cause serious harm.
As a result, it has been focused on the development of drugs consisting of a single enantiomer with a single isomer of the active substance. When the structures of living things and their activities were investigated, it was determined that since single isomers are target-selective in terms of biological effect, both enantiomers of the optically active substance are stronger and more reliable than having the same amounts in a mixture (racemic). Today, pure compounds with enantiomeric behaviour are needed more than ever for the production of drugs and nutritional additives used in human, animal and plant health, and for the development of material science and industry such as liquid crystal and polymer. In drugs, one of the enantiomers exhibits desirable behaviours and beneficial pharmacological properties, while the other enantiomer may exhibit harmful pharmacological properties in general. For this reason, the synthesis of active substances with chirality characteristics is important because they are pharmaceutical raw materials. It is desired that the receptors behave differently in binding to the stimulant molecules, that is, they are enantioselective. Amino acids, DNA, carbohydrates and enzymes are the basic chiral structures found in living things. Regardless of their functions in organisms and structures, the common point of all receptors is that they all consist of chiral molecules. that occur in their internal environment.
ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOM FREE
Receptors or free nerve endings enable all living systems to recognize and perceive all changes in the external environment they live in, such as chemical, physical, electrical, etc. The molecular components of living organisms are mostly chiral and these molecules have a dominant role in their interaction with bioactive substances. The reason why chirality is important as biological activity is that molecular symmetry dominates biological events.Īlthough chirality is not essential for bioactivity, there are great differences in the activities of enantiomers in bioactive molecules with stereogenic centres such as drugs, flavourings, and food additives. The existence of molecular chirality in the substances in the universe and the stereoisomer properties of molecules with stereogenic centres have been very influential in the development of organic chemistry and related sciences.
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